Jewish heritage in Azerbaijan - Azərtac - Azəruycan dövlət i̇nformasiya agentliyii

Baku, January 29, Azertac

Located at the crossroads of cultures and continents, Azerbaijan has attracted many tribes and peoples since ancient times.

While some simply passed through the silk route, others stayed and settled, and even more than 20 national minorities live in peace in Azerbaijan.Among them are the Jews, who have managed to maintain their unique culture and traditions for centuries, including religion, languages and worldview.Explore your heritage is to enter thousands of years of history and discover a unique example of peaceful coexistence between religions.

At present, the country continues to house many Jews, which are divided into three ethnic subgroups: the Jews of the mountain, the Asequenazíes and the ebraelíes or Georgians.In the southern regions of Jalilabad and Lankaran are also subbotniks and Gers, Russian ethnic groups that practice Judaism.Jewish heritage in Azerbaijan is also represented by monuments distributed by Baku, Guba, Oghuz, Ismayilli and other areas.Many ruins of old synagogues have been found in various parts of the country and seven synagogues continue to work today.

Jewish footprints in Azerbaijan

The Jews of the Mountain

It is believed that the Jews of the mountain arrived for the first time to Azerbaijan in the eighth century after being banished from Mesopotamia for trying to separate from the Sasanida empire.After establishing themselves in several parts of the country, in the middle of the 18th century the Jews of the mountain were invited by the rulers of Guba's Janato to Guba, where they established their own Jewish village (since 1926, red village or qəsəbə) and prospered practicing tradessuch as carpet fabric and skins tanning, as well as agriculture, viniculture and blonde cultivation. The Jews of the Mountain se llaman a sí mismos juhur y hablan juhuri, una lengua judía persa.Another Mountain Jews Center in Azerbaijan is Oghuz, although most have emigrated from here since the USSR collapse.

Ashkenazis

Asquenazís are European Jews who profess orthodox Judaism.In Azerbaijan, they have lived mainly in Baku, where they first arrived at the beginning of the 19th century.Later, they were attracted to the economic opportunities generated by the oil boom of the late nineteenth century, and other waves sought refuge here during the Russian Civil War and World War II.In Baku, the Asquenazíes established their own schools, libraries, clubs and Jewish cultural centers, published magazines and newspapers in Yiddish and had several representatives in the Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (RDA) in 1918-1920.During the Soviet era, they were increasingly assimilated to the extraordinarily multicultural society of Baku and continued to play a crucial role in their intellectual and cultural life.

Ebraelis or Georgian Jews

The third group of Jews from Azerbaijan are the Kartli Ebraeli, or Georgian Jews, who first arrived in Georgia after the conquest of Jerusalem and the destruction of the first temple by the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II in the year 586 to.C.In Georgia they lived in several regions and adopted many georgian customs and traditions.A small group moved to Baku at the beginning of the 20th century for economic reasons and maintained its Georgian traditions while strictly observing Jewish religious customs.They became merchants and artisans, as well as partners of large Russian-Caucasic commercial houses, stock exchanges, commercial banks and corporations.At present, the Ebraeli community of Baku has about 300 members.

Subbotniks and Gers

Subbotniks and Gers are closely linked groups that emerged as part of the Christian spiritual movement in Russia during the 18th century.As Saturday observers, they believe in not working or discussing worldly issues on Saturdays.Considered heretics by the officials of the Imperial Russia and the Orthodox clergy, were repressed, isolated and finally relocated in the early nineteenth century.Some ended up in the Jalilabad district, in southern Azerbaijan, founding villages such as Privolnoye, which today only houses a few subbotniks that continue to maintain Jewish traditions.

Eternal flames, the city of winds

From the modern elegance of the Towers of the Flame, which are proud, to the medieval strength, declared a World Heritage by UNESCO, which is in its center, there is something for all tastes in our impressive capital, a cityof amazing contrasts that combine the charms of the old and the new, of the East and the West, with numerous paths that lead to the adventure.

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Know the Jewish inheritance

The Jewish population of Baku is mainly formed by Asonazíes, which began to arrive here in the 1830s.With many more attracted by the oil boom and the economic opportunities that brought with it, in 1913 the Jews constituted 4.5% of the city's population, but represented between 30% and 40% of doctors and lawyers.Years later, many Jews from Baku emigrated during the instability that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The synagogue of the Jews Asecnazíes and Georgians of Baku is one of the few synagogues that have been built in this part of the world during the last century and is one of the largest in Europe.In another place in the city, the synagogue of the Jews of the mountain has been operating since 1945, when the mountain Jews received an old building for their religious needs in the center of the city after World War II.The building was in poor condition until it was restored in 2011 and since then, apart from its main function as Synagogue, it has become a must for anyone interested in the Jewish heritage of Azerbaijan.Another important milestone is the state theater of the song that bears the name of Rashid Behbudov, a popular theater for musical and other performances, which, built in 1901, was Baku's first synagogue and worked as such until 1934.

Recently inaugurated in the city center, the 7/40 restaurant only serves Kosher food and, in addition to traditional Jewish cuisine, you can taste dishes of Azerbaija cuisine that are not contrary to Kashrut standards.The restaurant is inspected by Rabbi Asquenazí and a Jabad representative to make sure the food is prepared correctly, and also offers a Kosher food catering service if requested.

Jewish heritage in Guba

A beautiful nineteenth -century arched bridge over the Gudyalchay river connects government with one of Azerbaijan's most unique settlements: the red village.Considered the last shtetl of the world, the Red People (qəsəbə) is an exclusively Jewish settlement of about 3 thousand inhabitants.Its name is inspired by the characteristic bricks and red tiles with which the houses were built, which today form an eclectic mixture of the nineteenth -century red brick buildings and luxurious mansions belonging to wealthy residents -the red village has one of the largest of the largestconcentrations of millionaires from the world per square kilometer.

Guba is a historical and multicultural city and the entrance door to the mountains of the Caucasus, whose impressive landscape is the main reason to visit it.On the other hand, the atmospheric streets of their old town are flanked by elegant brick houses interspersed with several historical mosques and hammams.

Many of the ornate houses and synagogues built at the beginning of the 20th century were designed by a local architect named Hillel Ben-Hayyim, which greatly influenced the unique aspect of the settlement.The charismatic three -storey house that belonged to the AGhababayev family is a wonderful example of the architecture of this era.Just in front of there is a cozy tea house that is worth going to enjoy a real tea experience.The inhabitants of the Red People speak Juhuri, a language similar to the oral Persian, and in the past they practiced a series of trades and crafts, such as the elaboration of wine, the cultivation of tobacco and blonde and the fabric of carpets;You can still find carpet with different Jewish motifs, such as the Menorá and the Dragons, in local houses and museums.

If you are hungry, a great option is to previously arrange a master class for the Jewish mountain kitchen with local resident Naami Ruvinova, whose repertoire includes interesting turns of classic Azerbaijan dishes, such as the dolma (stuffed parra leaves) and the pilaf, andA vegetarian dish called Gaylo.

Only two of the original 13 Synagogues of Pueblo Red are still operational, but a third has recently been restored to house the avant -garde Museum of the Jews of the Mountain.Equipped with tip technology, the museum guides visitors in an inspiring trip through the fascinating history and culture of the community.In addition to following the trail of the centenary migration of the Jews of the mountains from the Middle East, passing through Persia, until reaching the Caucasus, it reveals the main traditions, trades and events through various means, such as brief documentaries, animations, photos of photosTactile screen file and panels.It also works like synagogue.Tickets can be purchased at the new information center, where you can also book visits on foot and guides and enjoy coffee in the contemporary cafeteria area.

Jewish heritage in Oghuz

Oghuz is a quiet and picturesque city nestled at the foot of the mountains of the Caucasus, surrounded by a leafy forest at the foot of the mountain with good possibilities for hiking.In addition to its Jewish heritage, Oghuz has a basic museum of the local tradition, as well as one of the most imaginative tea houses that can be found in the country.In general, it is a relaxing and authentic stop along the way to or from northwestern Azerbaijan.

Oghuz was historically one of the main Jewish settlements in the country.Here a unique community of Jews and Muslims were formed that lived in harmony, sharing parties and traditions.Although many left after the fall of the USSR, the few remaining, as well as the various Jewish -style houses (with Jewish ornaments and often oriented towards Jerusalem), two synagogues and cemeteries, offer a window to the Jewish past of the city.

Synagogues are simply superior and lower due to their location in the city.The Synagoga Baja, built in 1849, was the first Synagogue of Oghuz, while the high synagogue, built in 1897, was completely restored in 2006 and is still visited every Friday and Saturday by the small Jewish population that remains in Oghuz to pray.Both synagogues work all day.